2025MBA報(bào)考測(cè)評(píng)申請(qǐng)中......

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被動(dòng)語態(tài)在英語中的使用是比較普遍的,然而,漢語中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)很少,因此MBA英語中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)在考研英語翻譯中都要轉(zhuǎn)化為主動(dòng)語態(tài)。下面給各位考生介紹一下被動(dòng)語態(tài)在轉(zhuǎn)換成主動(dòng)語態(tài)的過程中常用的幾種方法。


1逆序法


逆序法就是漢語譯文的語序和英語的語序完全相反。翻譯時(shí),要把英語句子后面的詞或短語放到漢語譯文的前面,有些句子所有詞的順序都發(fā)生變化,有些句子只有部分詞的順序發(fā)生變化。請(qǐng)看譯例。


(1)A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.


譯文:原子反應(yīng)堆需要一種合適的燃料。


(2)Every day new compounds are produced in the laboratory by the synthetic organic chemist.


譯文:有機(jī)化合專家每天都在實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造新的化合物。


(3)Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.


譯文:文教事業(yè)也有迅速的發(fā)展。

2譯成漢語的無主句


一些被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子可用漢語的無主句表達(dá)。


(1)It is important that fresh impetus be given to the national economy.


譯文:重要的是,應(yīng)該給國民經(jīng)濟(jì)注入新的活力。


(2)A court order was obtained, permitting the police to subject him to a lie detector test.


譯文:獲得了法庭指令,允許警察對(duì)他使用測(cè)謊儀進(jìn)行測(cè)謊。


(3)It must be recognized that China is still a developing country.


譯文:必須承認(rèn)中國還是一個(gè)發(fā)展中的國家。


3增添漢語邏輯上的主語


有些英語被動(dòng)句翻譯成漢語,需要增加邏輯上的主語,我們可根據(jù)上下文增加適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z。


(1)More state help is needed for the disadvantaged sections of the community.


譯文:國家需要向社會(huì)的貧困階層提供更多救濟(jì)。


(2)Their bombs are always placed in strategic positions to cause as much chaos as possible.


譯文:他們總是把炸彈放在戰(zhàn)略要地,從而盡可能引起更大的混亂。


(3)Copper articles have been used for several thousand years.


譯文:人類對(duì)銅器的使用已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史了。


4語序基本不變 助動(dòng)詞be省略不譯


有一些英語被動(dòng)句,可按其原有的語序表達(dá)或作稍微的調(diào)整,但助動(dòng)詞be要省略不譯。


(1)The members of the jury were discharged.


譯文:陪審員都解散了。


(2)All the problems are to be discussed.


譯文:所有問題將會(huì)進(jìn)行討論。


(3)The conference will be held next week.


譯文:會(huì)議將于下周舉行。


5被動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成“是……的”


一些英語被動(dòng)句,翻譯成漢語可用“是……的”來表達(dá)。


(1)History is made by the people.


譯文:歷史是人民創(chuàng)造的。


(2)Produced by electrons are the x-rays, which allow the doctor to look inside a patient’s body.


譯文:X 射線是電子產(chǎn)生的, 它使醫(yī)生能透視病人的身體。


(3)These objects were produced using a revolutionary new process which until recently was unavailable in Britain.


譯文:這些東西是用一種革新的工藝生產(chǎn)出來的,而英國直到最近才掌握這項(xiàng)工藝。

6調(diào)整部分語序


有些被動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的主動(dòng)句,其它的句子成分要作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整,以便使譯文符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。


(1)The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on an island in Upper New York Bay in 1886.


譯文:1886年,自由女神像在紐約灣北部落成。


(2)All objects are made to expand by heat.


譯文:所有物質(zhì)遇熱都會(huì)膨脹。


(3)The problem of population control has to be recognized and approached in a world environmental context.


譯文:世界人口控制問題必須從世界環(huán)境這個(gè)大局去認(rèn)識(shí)、去研究。